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Moldova is a small landlocked southeast European country of 33,843 square kilometers located between Romania in the west and the Ukraine in the east. It was a part of the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) but declared independence in 1991 and became a member of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). In the year 2000, Moldova had a population of over 4 million people, with 23…
Moldova is a democratic republic. The new constitution was ratified in 1994. The President is the head of the state and is elected every four years with a maximum of two consecutive terms. The unicameral Parliament is the supreme legislative body with 104 deputies elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms. The judiciary branch of the government is headed by the Supreme Court and includes th…
The education system in Moldova consists of preschool, primary, secondary and higher education. The preschool education is for children up to the age of seven years. The primary education is between grades one through four and typically involves children between the ages of 8-12. The secondary education consists of two tracks: general and vocational. General secondary education from grades 5-9 is …
The preschool education as defined by The Law on Education (Article 17) begins at age three and continues until age six or seven. The law allows for a guarantee of the education of preschoolers in nurseries and kindergartens through provision of material and financial support. However, the Ministry of Education and Science has noted that since 1993 there has been a decline in preschool education a…
The secondary education consists of two tracks: general and vocational. General secondary education from grades 5-9 is called the gymnasium level. The gymnasium level accepts all primary school students without any competition. The emphasis of this level is to prepare the students for liceul or professional education. The level ends with final examinations in several subjects conducted by the Mini…
At the tertiary level, colleges provide short-term higher education typically for two to three years. Universities provide education that lasts for four to six years to meet long-term needs. During the Soviet era, preference for higher education was given to Russian and Ukrainian students. In 1940, there were only 10 students per 10,000 people in Moldova. This had increased to 170 per 10,000 in th…
In 2001, the Ministry of Education and Science was the governmental division looking after the education sector. In 2001, the Ministry was headed by a Minister and four Vice Ministers, with each being responsible for a division of the Ministry. The four divisions under the vice-ministers are the Department of General Secondary Education, the Department of Vocational Education, the Youth and Sport …
Since the country has enjoyed very high levels of literacy as a byproduct of being a part of the former USSR, at present, there is no need for having formalized adult education sector. Furthermore, in independent Moldova, the 1995 Policy and Law on Education mandates that education and primary education rates continue to be near universal; adult education does not seem to be needed in the near fut…
According to UNESCO statistics, in 1996 there were a total of 18,395 preprimary teachers (all females), 14,097 primary teachers (of which 13,731 were females), 28,615 secondary teachers (of which 20,832 were females), and 8,814 tertiary level teachers (of which 3,928 were females). In 1990 there were 61 teachers at all levels per 1,000 people of the nonagricultural labor force. This ratio was down…
At the advent of the twenty-first century, Moldova has put aside the Russian dominance in its education and is working to establish the education system in native Moldovan as distinct from Russian and somewhat different from, but still similar to, the Romanian model. The primary education and literacy rates continue to be impressive for a newly formed country. However, Moldova has been undergoing …
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