Turkmenistan - History & Background, Constitutional & Legal Foundations, Educational System—overview, Preprimary & Primary Education, Secondary Education - TEACHING PROFESSION
language teachers
| BASIC DATA
|
| Official Country Name:
|
Turkmenistan
|
| Region:
|
East & South Asia
|
| Population:
|
4,518,268
|
| Language(s):
|
Turkmen, Russian, Uzbek
|
| Literacy Rate:
|
98%
|
| Number of Primary Schools:
|
1,947
|
| Compulsory Schooling:
|
7 years
|
| Public Expenditure on Education:
|
4.3%
|
| Educational Enrollment:
|
Primary: 372,170
|
|
|
Higher: 76,000
|
| Teachers:
|
Primary: 16,300
|
In early 2001 President Niyazov announced a cutback of 10,000 positions in education. Some teachers of foreign language will be transferred to Language Learning Centers, which will charge tuition.
Additional Topics
Turkmenistan was known for most of its history as a loosely defined geographic region of independent tribes. Now it is a landlocked, mostly desert, nation of about 4.2 million people (the smallest population of the Central Asian republics and the second-largest landmass). The country remains quite isolated on the eastern shore of the Caspian Sea, largely occupied by the Qizilqum (Kyzyl Kum) Desert…
On May 18, 1992 Turkmenistan became the first newly independent republic in Central Asia to ratify a constitution. It is also termed a presidential republic, one that is "based on the principles of the separation of power—legislative, executive, and judicial—which operate independently, checking and balancing one another." The legal system is based on a civil law system…
According to Soviet government statistics, literacy in Turkmenistan was nearly universal in 1991. Experts considered the overall level of education to be comparable to the average for the Soviet republics. According to the 1989 census, 65.1 percent of the population aged fifteen or older had completed secondary school, compared with 45.6 percent in 1979. In the same period, the percentage of citiz…
The Resolution on Transition to the New Alphabet of Turkmen Language in Educational Institutions, September 29, 1994, by the President of Turkmenistan secured the transition to the new Turkmen alphabet in primary and secondary schools beginning in the 1995-1996 academic year. The resolution obliged the Ministry of Education, the Publishing Committee, and the Ministry of Trade and Resources to arra…
The organization of Turkmen education does not include the concept of "secondary school" but is organized around a single nine year unit as discussed in the previous section on primary education.
After completing school, students may continue their education at one of the dozens of specialized institutes or at Turkmenistan State University in Ashgabat. Admittance into higher education institutions often is extremely competitive, and personal connections and bribes may play a role in gaining entry and later advancement. Prospective students must pass a lengthy, pressure-packed entrance exam…
Plans call for the Ministry of Labor to be replaced by a State Corporation for Specialist Training, with the bulk of the ministry's non-training functions to shift to the Ministry of Economy, Finance, and Banking. On January 16, 2001 the National Institute for Government Statistics and Information told Interfax that Turkmenistan had a state budget surplus of 98.6bn manat, the official curre…
The first connection from Turkmenistan to the global Internet was registered in May 1997; although, there had been some earlier irregular contact. Information Technology (IT) is regulated by the "Laws on Communication" adopted December 20, 1996. A Presidential Decree of February 24, 2000 under this law established "Provision 4584," relating to licensing activities, and …
There is an enormous concern to develop adequate means for developing the region's potential in education. After an initial period of rejecting everything from the recent past and a rush to indiscriminately adopt everything foreign, the transition is gradually moving from the present centralized system to one that emphasizes national identity and diversity. Following are some of the new dir…
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